Question 3: Resource Estimating and Budgeting – CASE STUDY As COVID-19 spread throughout the world in the spring of 2020, AstraZeneca recognized the need for

Question 3: Resource Estimating and Budgeting – CASE STUDY As COVID-19 spread throughout the world in the spring of 2020, AstraZeneca recognized the need for an effective COVID-19 vaccine to defeat the virus. In April 2020 AstraZeneca joined forces with the University of Oxford to make a meaningful difference and save lives. This landmark partnership brought together world-class expertise in vaccinology with AstraZeneca’s ability to deliver a global solution at scale. From the moment AstraZeneca publicly announced a vaccine partnership with Oxford University on April 30, 2020, the process it undertook was unlike that for any other technology it had developed in the past, with vastly more uncertainty, complexity, and visibility. The uncertainties and reputation risks inherent in the vaccine project were significant. The need for speed demanded large, simultaneous investments in Phase 3 clinical program for emergency use authorization by regulatory bodies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as well as the setup of manufacturing capacity around the globe. These investments typically would have taken place after years of work and risk mitigation rather than within weeks of seeing initial clinical results in Phase 2. The company had to dedicate resources and top talent to the project without compromising the rest of its portfolio. It was keenly aware of the reputational risk associated with delivering a vaccine on a global scale at unprecedented speed. The risk management process would also require close, frequent contact between project and senior leadership teams. The need to move quickly drove the project’s complexity. Due to the accelerated timeline of the vaccine project, AstraZeneca had to manage clinical trials while simultaneously ramping up manufacturing capacity. The project’s complexity also increased with every new customer. The primary customers were governments seeking to immunize their populations, and each government brought its own regulatory requirements and compliance framework to the table, adding to the contracting and compliance challenge. Source: Harvard Business School (2017); Project Management Institute, (2021) INSTRUCTION AND QUESTIONS a) Read a case study “Using Aggregate Project Planning to Link Strategy, Innovation, and Resource allocation Process” from Clayton M. Christensen (Harvard Business School). b) From the above-simplified case study, explain how AstraZeneca plans its resources in managing the above projects. c) Is the APP a one-time set plan? Explain your answer. note: use proper citation; scientific explanation, and proper like a paper